Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs)

Clinician facing information on the role of positive experiences in promoting development and mitigating the effects of adversity.
Source: American Psychiatric Association Foundation (APAF)

Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) are interpersonal relationships within family, peers, school, and community that enable children to thrive. Higher exposure to supportive experiences is associated with fewer psychological and relational difficulties in adulthood, lower risk of depression and poor mental health, and better overall well being. In the context of adversity, strengthening PCEs can help protect cognition, communication, and learning.

Examples of Positive Childhood Experiences

PCEs are characterized by safety, connection, and consistent support. Examples include when children:

The impact of PCEs on health and development

Clinical application and recommendations

Integrate PCEs into clinical care

  • Educate caregivers: explain child development and how early adversity affects physiology, relationships, and learning.
  • Use a framework: consistently review a child’s interests, abilities, and challenges to identify supports needed.
  • Involve families: engage children and families in information gathering and decision making; frame needs and threats together.
  • Identify concerns: build a shared understanding of priority needs requiring action or referral.

Encourage public health efforts and policies

  • Promote awareness: raise awareness of ACEs and PCEs in policy and practice.
  • Build resilience: strengthen PCEs to prevent and buffer the impacts of ACEs.
  • Support community integration: partner with community organizations to improve access to care and social supports.
  • Invest in families and schools: advocate for family support programs and adequate school funding to reduce attainment gaps.

Clinical summary

Version and sources

Version: v1.0 — Positive Childhood Experiences overview and clinical approach.

Primary sources and key references:

  1. American Psychiatric Association Foundation (APAF). What are PCEs? Free resources.
  2. Positive Childhood Experiences and Positive Adult Functioning: Prosocial Continuity and the Role of Adolescent Substance Use. 2011.
  3. Protecting Adolescents From Harm: Findings From the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. 1997.
  4. Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental and Relational Health in a Statewide Sample. 2019.
  5. Getting It Right For Every Child: Understand Well Being. 2016.
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Disclaimer: This information is intended for qualified healthcare professionals. It summarizes the concept of Positive Childhood Experiences and is not a substitute for clinical judgment or a comprehensive evaluation. Apply these concepts within a holistic and personalized approach to care.